Maslow's hierarchy of needs was explained by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation". It’s a theory of psychology anticipate (Jerome, 2013) Prior to Maslow, researchers were generally focused on factor such as biology, achievement, or power to explain what energizes, directs, and sustains human behavior separately (Huitt, 2007) Maslow's hierarchy of needs posited two basic groupings of the human hierarchy needs which were deficiency needs and growth needs (Huitt, 2007). When Considering about the deficiency needs each lower level need to fulfill before moving to the next higher level (Uysal, Aydemir and Genc, 2010).
According to the Huitt (2007) deficiency needs are,
- Physiological: hunger, thirst, bodily comforts
- Safety/security: out of danger
- Belongingness and Love: affiliate with others, be accepted; and
- Esteem: to achieve, be competent, gain approval and recognition.
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs
deficiency needs must be satisfied before person can their potential and
self-actualize (McLeod,
2007). Self-realization is an individual's
effort to empower himself, develop skills, and reach the ideal person wants to be (Tezcan
Uysal and Genç, 2017). Leading to this topic model was
created a visualization in the shape of pyramid divided in to five levels (Benson
and Dundis, 2003).Individual moves to
self-actualization level it emphasized the meaning to life that is important to
them (McLeod,
2007).
Figure 1 : Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid (Tezcan Uysal and Genç, 2017)
The bottom of the pyramid is the human Physiological level includes food, water, and shelter which most basic level for humans. Survival is the most basic needs and when the physiological level has been met, the individual moved to the safety level (Benson and Dundis, 2003). In the safety level individual seek to be assisted in seeing the way can be safe and secure (Huitt, 2007). Once the Individual fulfill the safe level next two levels accordingly Love and belonging as well as esteem (Benson and Dundis, 2003).
Video 1: www.khanacademy.org (Desai, 2013)
In the business perspective, this
model can be approached for understanding the motivation of employee (Benson
and Dundis, 2003). According to my personal
experience, most of the organization provide benefits for non-managerial level
such a vehicle or Vehicle allowance, foreign travels, entertainment facilities
to motivate and retain their employees by maintaining esteem level. Conversely,
Salary, allowances, and overtime are the physiological level require for day
to day life needs and all individuals worry about job security is the security
level seems the safety level of the model. On the other modern organization
providing health insurance and it feels employee to more safe for his/her life.
Further modern organization’s management respect employee’s ideas and treat
them as a partner of the decision maker. It makes them as a part of the team
and it seems the love and social need level.
According to Jerome
(2013) Maslow describes self-actualization
as a person's need to be and do that which the person was "born to
do." "A musician must make music, an artist must paint, and a poet
must write." These needs make themselves felt in signs of restlessness. My
idea is from the business perspective organization provides special training,
moves individuals to special projects, and granted freedom for innovation
provided by the management is the self-actualization level.
References:
Benson,
S. G. and Dundis, S. P. (2003) ‘Understanding and motivating health care
employees: Integrating Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, training and technology’, Journal
of Nursing Management, 11(5), pp. 315–320. doi:
10.1046/j.1365-2834.2003.00409.x.
Desai, S. (2013) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, khanacademy.
Available at: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/behavior/theories-personality/v/maslow-hierarchy-of-needs.
Huitt, W. (2007) ‘Maslow ’ s Hierarchy Maslow ’ s Hierarchy
of Needs’.
Jerome, N. (2013) ‘Application of the Maslow’s hierarchy of
need theory; impacts and implications on organizational culture, human resource
and employee’s performance’, International Journal of Business and
Management Invention ISSN (Online, 2(3), p. 23198028.
McLeod, S. A. (2007) ‘CT2 Paper 1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs’, Simply Psychology, 1(1), pp. 1–8.
Tezcan Uysal, H. and Genç, E. (2017) ‘Maslow ’ S Hierarchy of
Needs in 21St Century : the Examination of’, Researches on Science and Art
in 21st Century Turkey, (April 2018), pp. 211–227.
Uysal, H. T., Aydemir, S. and Genc, E. (2010) ‘Maslow ’ S
Hierarchy – 21St’, (April), p. 211.
According to Jerome (2013), if a man’s physiological needs are fulfilled by only 25% then there will be no sign of emerging the safety needs. But if his physiological needs are fulfilled to the level of 50% then the emergence of the safety needs could be observed. Therefore, an employee can be satisfied in different percentages in all levels of the hierarchy without even a single level is not 100% fulfilled. Maslow (1954), explains that lower levels should always have a higher percentage of satisfaction than the immediate higher level if he is to be satisfied for a longer period of time.
ReplyDeleteAgreed, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs where the lower order needs Such as physiological and safety needs, may be linked to organizational culture. Every new organization passes through this lower order stage in which they struggle with their basic survival needs (Jerome, 2013).
DeleteMaslow's Need theory is certainly the foundation for organizations to apprehend the motivation levels/needs of individuals; in contrast, an employee's journey up on the pyramid from deficiency level to growth level, does makes it difficult for managers to understand where exactly is the employee. This impedes the deployment of correct human resource management practices in place for motivational purpose (Armstrong, 2013).Basic needs should always not required to be satisfied to proceed up to the next step in ladder(Salanova & Kirmanen, 2010) .The needs of people varies from person to person or based on situations(Armstrong, 2013). Basic needs should always not required to be satisfied to proceed up to the next step in ladder(Salanova & Kirmanen, 2010). The needs of people vary from person to person or based on situations (Armstrong, 2013).
ReplyDeleteThe most common classification of needs is the one compiled by Maslow (1954). He suggested that there are five main categories of people who move from basic physical needs to a hierarchy of safety, social and respectable needs. When a low need is satisfied, the next highest dominance prevails and the individual's attention is focused on meeting this high need (Armstrong, 2014).
ReplyDeleteIn terms of physical, biological, social and psychological, Maslow has defined the essential needs where a hierarchy of five stages has been established according to those needs (Jerome 2013). But there are criticisms that he has overlooked the social link in which most scholars claimed that there is no survival physically and emotionally without social connection (Rutledge, 2011).
ReplyDeleteAccording to Rutledge (2011), Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs had missed the social connection. Maslow’s theory is captivating because it brings about a sense of order to the chaos of human life but none of these basic and more advance needs would be possible to achieve without the social connections and collaboration (Rutledge, 2011).
ReplyDeleteAccording to the Maslow (1943), person must satisfy lower level need to go for a higher need. But According to the Zimmerman (2019), needs are not in a staircase hierarchical way and can be activated more than one need at a same time. According to the Mc Load (2018), later maslow has clarify his early statement has given a false impression. “the false impression that a need must be satisfied 100 percent before the next need emerges” (Maslow 1987, p. 69).
ReplyDeleteNyambegera and Gicheru's (2016) study highlights the importance of multiple intrinsic factors that drive employee motivation, such as financial remuneration, empowerment, rewards and recognition, the nature of work, and an employee's perception of the contribution to the organization.
ReplyDeleteAdding new theory for your knowledge.Lawrenceand and Nohria (2002) propose the “human drives” theory, which states that employees are guided by four basic emotional drives that are a product of common human evolutionary heritage: the drives to acquire, bond, comprehend, and defend.The researchers survey a financial service giant, a leading IT services firm and 300 Fortune 500 companies and find these four drives led to high levels of engagement, satisfaction, commitment and a reduced intention to quit, and ultimately better corporate performance.
ReplyDeleteWhile agreeing with your statement and wish to mentioned Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is applied in psychology as well as in business, and it helps to understand what motivates people. The pyramid has five needs, and according to Maslow’s theory, a person does not feel needs above unless the needs in the bottom have been satisfied. (Jerome2013, 41-42)
ReplyDeleteAdding to to your introduction concept of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is created on the basis, which people stay inspired through the need towards satisfy their desires, as well as asserts which the low-level need should exist contented prior to touch the following advanced level need. After requirement was pleased, it is not anymore, an inducement or stimulus.
ReplyDeleteAccording to McLeod (2020), the way Maslow’s theory is explained relies on the fact that (a) human beings are motivated by a hierarchy of needs.(b) needs are organized in a hierarchy of prepotency in which more basic needs must be more or less met (rather than all or none) prior to higher needs.(c) the order of needs is not rigid but instead may be flexible based on external circumstances or individual differences.(d) most behavior is multi-motivated, that is, simultaneously determined by more than one basic need.
ReplyDeleteMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is applied in psychology as well as in business, and it helps to understand what motivates people. The pyramid has five needs, and according to Maslow’s theory, a person does not feel needs above unless the needs in the bottom have been satisfied. (Jerome2013, 41-42)
ReplyDeleteAccording to Maslow, leaders need to know the level of a person on the hierarchical pyramid in order to motivate him/her. Then leaders need to focus on accomplishing that person’s needs at that level (Robbins 2001).
ReplyDeleteAs expected from Maslow's theory, multiple statistical analyzes have revealed that the satisfaction of each level of need is statistically predicted by the satisfaction of the need below it in the hierarchy.(Taormina,J.R.2013)
ReplyDeleteThis five-stage model can be divided into deficiency needs and growth needs. The first four levels are often referred to as deficiency needs (D-needs), and the top level is known as growth or being needs (B-needs) (McLeod, 2018)
ReplyDeleteMaslow’s basic position is that as one becomes more self-actualized and self-transcendent, one becomes wiser (develops wisdom) and automatically knows what to do in a wide variety of situations. Daniels (2001) suggested that Maslow’s ultimate conclusion that the highest levels of self-actualization is transcendent in their nature may be one of his most important contributions to
ReplyDeletethe study of human behavior and motivation.
The hierarchy of needs which was developed by Abraham Maslow can, however, be used as a method of assessing needs in community development in various communities in the contemporary society. This method of hierarchy of needs which Abraham Maslow developed emphasizes that there are certain basic needs which must be met before other needs can be considered in various communities. Essentially, the basic human needs serve as a good foundation on which other human needs rest in the society (Aruma & Hanachor, 2017).
ReplyDelete